The Cold War (1947–1991) was a global geopolitical struggle between two superpowers that emerged from the ashes of World War II: the capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union (USSR).
It was called a “cold” war because the two main adversaries never fought each other directly in a full-scale “hot” war. Doing so risked Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) due to their massive nuclear arsenals. Instead, the conflict was waged through political maneuvering, espionage (via the CIA and KGB), propaganda, space and arms races, and devastating proxy wars in nations like Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan.
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