What major political divide dominated 19th- and early 20th-century Spain, pitting supporters of absolute monarchy and Catholic tradition against supporters of secular reform?
Which social institution owned vast tracts of land and held immense control over Spanish education, making it a central target for left-wing reformers?
Who established a military dictatorship in Spain from 1923 to 1930 with the explicit approval of King Alfonso XIII?
What were the large, privately owned landed estates in southern Spain worked by impoverished farm laborers called?
In what year was the Second Spanish Republic proclaimed after King Alfonso XIII went into exile?
Which Prime Minister led the major left-wing reform coalition from 1931 to 1933?
How did the 1931 Republican Constitution fundamentally alter the status of the Catholic Church?
Which northeastern region was granted home-rule autonomy in 1932, provoking conservative fury?
What conservative mass party was formed in 1933 to defend Catholic interests and roll back reform laws?
Where did a major armed insurrection by coal miners take place in October 1934 that was brutally crushed by colonial troops?
Who founded the fascist Falange party in 1933, advocating violence and an authoritarian national-syndicalist state?
Why were colonial military officers ('Africanistas') particularly hostile toward the Second Republic? A. B. C. D.
Which broad electoral coalition won the tense February 1936 general elections?
Which radical socialist leader was dubbed the 'Spanish Lenin' for advocating socialist revolution in 1936?
What widespread condition in spring 1936 led peasant workers to spontaneously seize agricultural land in southern Spain?
The assassination of which prominent monarchist politician on July 13, 1936 triggered the immediate military uprising?
On what date did the military uprising against the Second Republic launch in Spanish Morocco?
Which senior general planned to lead the 1936 coup, but died in a fatal plane crash on July 20?
Which battle-hardened elite combat force stationed in Morocco provided vital striking power for the nationalist rebels? A. B. C. D. The Assault Guard
Why did the military uprising of July 1936 degenerate into a prolonged civil war rather than a swift military takeover?
